With the increase of global trade and sourcing, there is a growing need for exact measurement and reliable standards for products and services. This paper attempts to develop a unified and integrated structure for the effectiveness evaluation of quality infrastructure on the promotion of export quality from the perspective of system and coordination. Starting from determining component-based evaluation criteria and index, we propose a three-phase analytical framework. Firstly, the development level of quality infrastructure system is evaluated through factor analysis. Secondly, the coordination degree of quality infrastructure system is calculated by grey coordination evaluation model. Thirdly, we explored the relevance of quality infrastructure system within export quality through grey relational analysis. Using a sample of quality infrastructure and export data from 2009 to 2018 in China, empirical results show that quality infrastructure can be divided into two subsystems according to their characteristics including 'scale and structure subsystem' and 'standard subsystem'. There is evidence that the performance of a quality infrastructure system and its coordination degree are closely related to the upgrade of export product quality. The main contribution of this paper is to address the gap in the quality infrastructure literature by proposing a three-phase analytical framework for effectiveness quantification problems. The clarification of the economic connection between quality infrastructure and export product quality can raise awareness of governments and enterprises about the significance of construction and utilization of quality infrastructure system for competitive advantages.