Industrial structure is the result of the allocation of economic resources of a country or a region, and to a large extent determines the efficiency of the use of economic resources. The process of national or regional economic growth is the dynamic evolution process of industrial structure from uncoordinated to coordinated, from lower-level coordination to higher-level coordination, that is, the process of continuous optimization of industrial structure. The concepts of industrial structure deviation and industrial structure coordination degree are proposed in this paper. The weighted average values of the industrial structures of the developed countries such as the USA, UK, France, Germany and Japan in the year when their per capita GDP reaches US $10000, US $20000 and US $30000 was calculated respectively. Then, the standard industrial structure was calculated with the weighted average values of the industrial structures of the five developed countries as reference frame. And the definition of industrial structure deviation and industrial structure coordination degree is put forward accordingly. At last, the coordination degree of industrial structure in China, Jiangsu Province, Southern Jiangsu, Central Jiangsu and Northern Jiangsu is calculated according to the data of actual industrial structure in 2019. And the industrial structure optimization and adjustment plan of China and Jiangsu Province is worked out according to the set target structure